See Multiplication in Arrays
Count by rows or by columns — same total: order doesn't change the product
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Count by rows or by columns — same total: order doesn't change the product
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One dot array, two ways to count: by rows it is rows × columns, by columns it is columns × rows — and both reach the same total. That is exactly where the commutative property of multiplication comes from. Adjust the rows and columns with + and − buttons and discover why 3 × 4 = 4 × 3.
Adjust the rows and columns of a dot array with + and − buttons. Counting by rows gives rows × columns, counting by columns gives columns × rows — both reach the same total, showing why 3 × 4 = 4 × 3.